在某些开发场景(例如 OTA 测试)中,需要创建非生产 Matter 证书。
无法使用测试 VID/PID 执行 Google 生态系统的部分功能,包括设备 OTA 软件更新。
本指南介绍了如何创建和验证非生产环境 Matter 证书以用于测试。证书类型如下:
- 认证声明 (CD)
- 产品认证中间证书 (PAI)
- 设备认证证书 (DAC)
在调试过程中,获得 Matter 认证的设备需要自行证明,即证明它是真正的 Matter 认证产品。Matter 设备用于进行认证的凭据包括:
- 认证密钥对
- 证书链
设备认证证书 (DAC) 是证书链的第一个环节,由产品认证中间证书 (PAI) 进行验证,而 PAI 又由产品认证授权机构 (PAA) 进行验证。
证书在生成证明密钥对的同时进行签名,并且使用上一个级别证书授权机构的私钥进行签名,从而形成信任链。因此,DAC 证书由 PAI 密钥签名,PAI 证书由 PAA 密钥签名。作为链顶级证书,PAA 证书是自签名证书。此信任链会形成一个联邦 PAA 结构,由分布式合规性账本 (DCL) 进行同步。
如需详细了解认证流程和认证声明 (CD),请参阅其他认证文档和消息以及问题规范。
安装 Matter SDK
以下说明假定您已安装正常运行的 Matter SDK。如需了解详情,请参阅 GitHub 上的文档,或参阅 Matter 使用入门。
如果您尚未安装十六进制转储实用程序 xxd
,请进行安装。此工具非常适合以 C 语言格式输出凭据:
sudo apt-get install xxd
构建作业 chip-cert
确保您使用的是最新版本的 SDK。这些步骤已在
v1.0-branch
分支的 Github SHA0b17bce8
上进行了测试:$ cd connectedhomeip $ git checkout v1.0-branch $ git pull
build
chip-cert
,此工具用于对 Matter 设备的凭据执行多项操作:配置 build:
$ cd src/credentials $ source ../../scripts/activate.sh $ gn gen out
gn
输出示例:Done. Made 5774 targets from 289 files in 658ms
运行 build:
$ ninja -C out
ninja
输出示例:ninja: Entering directory `out' [2000/2000] stamp obj/default.stamp
铸造证书
将自定义 VID/PID 导出为环境变量,以降低编辑命令参数时出现笔误的几率:
$ cd ../..
$ export VID=hexVendorId
$ export PID=hexProductId
生成光盘
使用
chip-cert
生成 CD。目前,专员只会验证 VID 和 PID 是否与设备在其他位置(基本信息集群、DAC 和 DAC 来源 [如果有])公开的数据一致。您可以将其他字段保持不变:$ src/credentials/out/chip-cert gen-cd \ --key credentials/test/certification-declaration/Chip-Test-CD-Signing-Key.pem \ --cert credentials/test/certification-declaration/Chip-Test-CD-Signing-Cert.pem \ --out credentials/test/certification-declaration/Chip-Test-CD-${VID}-${PID}.der \ --format-version "1" \ --vendor-id "${VID}" \ --product-id "${PID}" \ --device-type-id "0x1234" \ --certificate-id "ZIG20141ZB330001-24" \ --security-level "0" \ --security-info "0" \ --version-number "9876" \ --certification-type "0"
验证光盘。请确保其中包含您的 VID/PID(采用小数格式):
$ src/credentials/out/chip-cert print-cd credentials/test/certification-declaration/Chip-Test-CD-${VID}-${PID}.der
输出示例:
SignerKeyId value: hex:62FA823359ACFAA9963E1CFA140ADDF504F37160 0x01, tag[Anonymous]: 0xffffffff, type: Structure (0x15), container: 0x04, tag[Context Specific]: 0x0, type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: 1 0x08, tag[Context Specific]: 0x1, type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: XXXXX // <- VID 0x0A, tag[Context Specific]: 0x2, type: Array (0x16), container: 0x0D, tag[Anonymous]: 0xffffffff, type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: XXXXX // <- PID 0x12, tag[Context Specific]: 0x3, type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: 4660 0x15, tag[Context Specific]: 0x4, type: UTF-8 String (0x0c), length: 19, value: "ZIG20141ZB330001-24" 0x2B, tag[Context Specific]: 0x5, type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: 0 0x2E, tag[Context Specific]: 0x6,type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: 0 0x32, tag[Context Specific]: 0x7, type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: 39030 0x35, tag[Context Specific]: 0x8, type: Unsigned Fixed Point (0x04), value: 0
生成 PAI 和 DAC
在此示例中,我们将使用 Matter 自己的测试产品认证授权机构 (PAA) 证书和签名密钥 Chip-Test-PAA-NoVID
作为根证书。我们将其用作根 CA 来生成自己的 PAI 和 DAC。
使用 PAA 生成 PAI。您可以选择在 PAI 中添加 PID 信息,但省略该信息可让您更灵活地进行测试。如果您需要为其他 PID 生成 DAC,只需执行 DAC 生成步骤即可:
$ src/credentials/out/chip-cert gen-att-cert --type i \ --subject-cn "Matter Test PAI" \ --subject-vid "${VID}" \ --valid-from "2021-06-28 14:23:43" \ --lifetime "4294967295" \ --ca-key credentials/test/attestation/Chip-Test-PAA-NoVID-Key.pem \ --ca-cert credentials/test/attestation/Chip-Test-PAA-NoVID-Cert.pem \ --out-key credentials/test/attestation/"test-PAI-${VID}-key".pem \ --out credentials/test/attestation/"test-PAI-${VID}-cert".pem
使用 PAI 生成 DAC:
$ src/credentials/out/chip-cert gen-att-cert --type d \ --subject-cn "Matter Test DAC 0" \ --subject-vid "${VID}" \ --subject-pid "${PID}" \ --valid-from "2021-06-28 14:23:43" \ --lifetime "4294967295" \ --ca-key credentials/test/attestation/"test-PAI-${VID}-key".pem \ --ca-cert credentials/test/attestation/"test-PAI-${VID}-cert".pem \ --out-key credentials/test/attestation/"test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-key".pem \ --out credentials/test/attestation/"test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-cert".pem
验证 DAC、PAI 和 PAA 链。如果输出中没有显示任何错误,则表示证书认证链已成功验证:
$ src/credentials/out/chip-cert validate-att-cert \ --dac credentials/test/attestation/"test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-cert".pem \ --pai credentials/test/attestation/"test-PAI-${VID}-cert".pem \ --paa credentials/test/attestation/Chip-Test-PAA-NoVID-Cert.pem
您可以使用
openssl
检查密钥:$ openssl ec -noout -text -in \ credentials/test/attestation/test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-key.pem
输出示例:
read EC key Private-Key: (256 bit) priv: c9:f2:b3:04:b2:db:0d:6f:cd:c6:be:f3:7b:76:8d: 8c:01:4e:0b:9e:ce:3e:72:49:3c:0e:35:63:7c:6c: 6c:d6 pub: 04:4f:93:ba:3b:bf:63:90:73:98:76:1e:af:87:79: 11:e6:77:e8:e2:df:a7:49:f1:7c:ac:a8:a6:91:76: 08:5b:39:ce:6c:72:db:6d:9a:92:b3:ba:05:b0:e8: 31:a0:bf:36:50:2b:5c:72:55:7f:11:c8:01:ff:3a: 46:b9:19:60:28 ASN1 OID: prime256v1 NIST CURVE: P-256
您还可以使用
openssl
检查生成的证书:$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in \ credentials/test/attestation/test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-cert.pem
输出示例:
Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 2875998130766646679 (0x27e9990fef088d97) Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 Issuer: CN = Matter Test PAI, 1.3.6.1.4.1.37244.2.1 = hexVendorId Validity Not Before: Jun 28 14:23:43 2021 GMT Not After : Dec 31 23:59:59 9999 GMT Subject: CN = Matter Test DAC 0, 1.3.6.1.4.1.37244.2.1 = hexVendorId, 1.3.6.1.4.1.37244.2.2 = hexProductId Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: id-ecPublicKey Public-Key: (256 bit) pub: 04:4f:93:ba:3b:bf:63:90:73:98:76:1e:af:87:79: 11:e6:77:e8:e2:df:a7:49:f1:7c:ac:a8:a6:91:76: 08:5b:39:ce:6c:72:db:6d:9a:92:b3:ba:05:b0:e8: 31:a0:bf:36:50:2b:5c:72:55:7f:11:c8:01:ff:3a: 46:b9:19:60:28 ASN1 OID: prime256v1 NIST CURVE: P-256 X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical CA:FALSE X509v3 Key Usage: critical Digital Signature X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 21:0A:CA:B1:B6:5F:17:65:D8:61:19:73:84:1A:9D:52:81:19:C5:39 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 37:7F:24:9A:73:41:4B:16:6E:6A:42:6E:F5:E8:89:FB:75:F8:77:BB Signature Algorithm: ecdsa-with-SHA256 Signature Value: 30:45:02:20:38:8f:c5:0d:3e:90:95:dd:7d:7c:e9:5a:05:19: 1f:2d:14:08:a3:d7:0e:b5:15:6d:d3:b0:0b:f7:b8:28:4d:bf: 02:21:00:d4:05:30:43:a6:05:00:0e:b9:99:0d:34:3d:75:fe: d3:c1:4e:73:ff:e7:05:64:7a:62:8d:2d:38:8f:fd:4d:ad
PAA
您可以使用类似的过程生成自签名 PAA,但这并非必需。
我们在此处所做的是使用不包含 VID 信息的现有自签名开发 PAA。
如需查看生成 CD 的更多示例,请参阅 credentials/test/gen-test-cds.sh
;如需查看生成 PAA、PAI 和 DAC 的更多示例,请参阅 credentials/test/gen-test-attestation-certs.sh
替换证书
替换 PAA 和 PAI
- 运行以下辅助脚本,该脚本使用 CHIP 证书工具 (
chip-cert
) 生成证书的 C 语言数组。
#!/bin/bash # # generate-embeddable-certs.sh script # —---------------------------------- # # This script generates self-minted DAC and PAI. # The output may easily be included in your C++ source code. # # Edit this information with your paths and certificates folder="credentials/test/attestation" chip_cert_tool="src/credentials/out/chip-cert" cert_file_der="${folder}/test-PAI-${VID}-cert.der" cert_file_pem="${folder}/test-PAI-${VID}-cert.pem" key_file_pem="${folder}/test-PAI-${VID}-key.pem" type="Pai" printf "namespace chip {\n" printf "namespace DevelopmentCerts {\n\n" printf "#if CHIP_DEVICE_CONFIG_DEVICE_PRODUCT_ID == ${PID}\n\n" printcert() { # convert cert to DER if [ -f "${cert_file_der}" ]; then rm "${cert_file_der}" fi "${chip_cert_tool}" convert-cert "${cert_file_pem}" "${cert_file_der}" --x509-der printf "// ------------------------------------------------------------ \n" printf "// ${type} CERTIFICATE ${cert_file_der} \n\n" printf "constexpr uint8_t ${type}_Cert_Array[] = {\n" less -f "${cert_file_der}" | od -t x1 -An | sed 's/\0x/g' | sed 's/\>/,/g' | sed 's/^/ /g' printf "};\n\n" printf "ByteSpan k${type}Cert = ByteSpan(${type}_Cert_Array);\n\n" printf "// ${type} PUBLIC KEY FROM ${key_file_pem} \n\n" printf "constexpr uint8_t ${type}_PublicKey_Array[] = {\n" openssl ec -text -noout -in "${key_file_pem}" 2>/dev/null | sed '/ASN1 OID/d' | sed '/NIST CURVE/d' | sed -n '/pub:/,$p' | sed '/pub:/d' | sed 's/\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\)/0x\1/g' | sed 's/:/, /g' printf "};\n\n" printf "ByteSpan k${type}PublicKey = ByteSpan(${type}_PublicKey_Array);\n\n" printf "// ${type} PRIVATE KEY FROM ${key_file_pem} \n\n" printf "constexpr uint8_t ${type}_PrivateKey_Array[] = {\n" openssl ec -text -noout -in "${key_file_pem}" 2>/dev/null | sed '/read EC key/d' | sed '/Private-Key/d' | sed '/priv:/d' | sed '/pub:/,$d' | sed 's/\([0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]\)/0x\1/g' | sed 's/:/, /g' printf "};\n\n" printf "ByteSpan k${type}PrivateKey = ByteSpan(${type}_PrivateKey_Array);\n\n" } # generates PAI printcert type="Dac" cert_file_der="${folder}/test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-cert.der" cert_file_pem="${folder}/test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-cert.pem" key_file_pem="${folder}/test-DAC-${VID}-${PID}-key.pem" # generates DAC printcert printf "#endif // CHIP_DEVICE_CONFIG_DEVICE_PRODUCT_ID\n" printf "} // namespace DevelopmentCerts\n" printf "} // namespace chip\n"
将 PAI 和 DAC 输出的内容复制到
DeviceAttestationCredentialsProvider::GetProductAttestationIntermediateCert
的实现。在正式版设备上,PAI 和 DAC 位于出厂数据中,而 CD 则嵌入在固件本身中。
如果您尚未使用出厂数据,则可能需要将 PAI 放置在
src/credentials/examples/ExampleDACs.cpp
中。在本例中,将生成的代码附加到ExampleDACs.cpp
文件:ByteSpan kDacCert = ByteSpan(kDevelopmentDAC_Cert_FFF1_801F); ByteSpan kDacPrivateKey = ByteSpan(kDevelopmentDAC_PrivateKey_FFF1_801F); ByteSpan kDacPublicKey = ByteSpan(kDevelopmentDAC_PublicKey_FFF1_801F); #endif } // namespace DevelopmentCerts } // namespace chip /* ------------------------------------------ */ /* current end-of-file */ /* ------------------------------------------ */ /* ------------------------------------------ */ /* output of creds-codelab.sh script */ /* ------------------------------------------ */ namespace chip { namespace DevelopmentCerts { #if CHIP_DEVICE_CONFIG_DEVICE_PRODUCT_ID == hexProductId ... ByteSpan kDacPrivateKey = ByteSpan(Dac_PrivateKey_Array); #endif // CHIP_DEVICE_CONFIG_DEVICE_PRODUCT_ID } // namespace DevelopmentCerts } // namespace chip
如果您使用的是出厂数据或自定义凭据提供程序,请务必在适当的位置插入凭据。建议您咨询 SoC 提供商,了解您平台的具体信息。
更换光盘
使用
xxd
提取 CD 文件内容的文本表示法:$ xxd -i credentials/test/certification-declaration/Chip-Test-CD-${VID}-${PID}.der
输出示例:
unsigned char credentials_test_certification_declaration_Chip_Test_CD_hexVendorId_hexProductId_der[] = { 0x30, 0x81, 0xe9, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x81, 0xdb, 0x30, 0x81, 0xd8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x31, 0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x30, 0x45, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x38, 0x04, 0x36, 0x15, 0x24, 0x00, 0x01, 0x25, 0x01, 0xfe, 0xca, 0x36, 0x02, 0x05, 0xce, 0xfa, 0x18, 0x25, 0x03, 0x34, 0x12, 0x2c, 0x04, 0x13, 0x5a, 0x49, 0x47, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x34, 0x31, 0x5a, 0x42, 0x33, 0x33, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x31, 0x2d, 0x32, 0x34, 0x24, 0x05, 0x00, 0x24, 0x06, 0x00, 0x25, 0x07, 0x76, 0x98, 0x24, 0x08, 0x00, 0x18, 0x31, 0x7d, 0x30, 0x7b, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x80, 0x14, 0x62, 0xfa, 0x82, 0x33, 0x59, 0xac, 0xfa, 0xa9, 0x96, 0x3e, 0x1c, 0xfa, 0x14, 0x0a, 0xdd, 0xf5, 0x04, 0xf3, 0x71, 0x60, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x04, 0x47, 0x30, 0x45, 0x02, 0x20, 0x53, 0x25, 0x03, 0x2c, 0x96, 0x50, 0xb6, 0x64, 0xf4, 0x18, 0xbf, 0x99, 0x47, 0xf8, 0x9d, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x43, 0x94, 0xf1, 0xce, 0xb2, 0x61, 0x00, 0xe0, 0xf9, 0x89, 0xa8, 0x71, 0x82, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x21, 0x00, 0xea, 0x0a, 0x40, 0xab, 0x87, 0xad, 0x7e, 0x25, 0xe1, 0xa1, 0x6c, 0xb1, 0x12, 0xfa, 0x86, 0xfe, 0xea, 0x8a, 0xaf, 0x4b, 0xc1, 0xf3, 0x6f, 0x09, 0x85, 0x46, 0x50, 0xb6, 0xd0, 0x55, 0x40, 0xe2 }; unsigned int credentials_test_certification_declaration_Chip_Test_CD_hexVendorId_hexProductId_der_len = 236; ```
将您在上一步中提取的文本复制到用于在 build 中定义 CD 的文件中。与 PAI 和 DAC 一样,具体实现方式取决于您在哪个平台上进行开发。
如果您使用的是凭据示例,则可能需要替换 src/credentials/examples/DeviceAttestationCredsExample.cpp
中 ExampleDACProvider::GetCertificationDeclaration
中的 kCdForAllExamples
内容:
const uint8_t kCdForAllExamples[] = {
0x30, 0x81, 0xe9, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d, 0x01,
0x07, 0x02, 0xa0, 0x81, 0xdb, 0x30, 0x81, 0xd8, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x31,
0x0d, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86, 0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04,
0x02, 0x01, 0x30, 0x45, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2a, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xf7, 0x0d,
0x01, 0x07, 0x01, 0xa0, 0x38, 0x04, 0x36, 0x15, 0x24, 0x00, 0x01, 0x25,
0x01, 0xfe, 0xca, 0x36, 0x02, 0x05, 0xce, 0xfa, 0x18, 0x25, 0x03, 0x34,
0x12, 0x2c, 0x04, 0x13, 0x5a, 0x49, 0x47, 0x32, 0x30, 0x31, 0x34, 0x31,
0x5a, 0x42, 0x33, 0x33, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x31, 0x2d, 0x32, 0x34, 0x24,
0x05, 0x00, 0x24, 0x06, 0x00, 0x25, 0x07, 0x76, 0x98, 0x24, 0x08, 0x00,
0x18, 0x31, 0x7d, 0x30, 0x7b, 0x02, 0x01, 0x03, 0x80, 0x14, 0x62, 0xfa,
0x82, 0x33, 0x59, 0xac, 0xfa, 0xa9, 0x96, 0x3e, 0x1c, 0xfa, 0x14, 0x0a,
0xdd, 0xf5, 0x04, 0xf3, 0x71, 0x60, 0x30, 0x0b, 0x06, 0x09, 0x60, 0x86,
0x48, 0x01, 0x65, 0x03, 0x04, 0x02, 0x01, 0x30, 0x0a, 0x06, 0x08, 0x2a,
0x86, 0x48, 0xce, 0x3d, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x04, 0x47, 0x30, 0x45, 0x02,
0x20, 0x53, 0x25, 0x03, 0x2c, 0x96, 0x50, 0xb6, 0x64, 0xf4, 0x18, 0xbf,
0x99, 0x47, 0xf8, 0x9d, 0xe6, 0xeb, 0x43, 0x94, 0xf1, 0xce, 0xb2, 0x61,
0x00, 0xe0, 0xf9, 0x89, 0xa8, 0x71, 0x82, 0x02, 0x0a, 0x02, 0x21, 0x00,
0xea, 0x0a, 0x40, 0xab, 0x87, 0xad, 0x7e, 0x25, 0xe1, 0xa1, 0x6c, 0xb1,
0x12, 0xfa, 0x86, 0xfe, 0xea, 0x8a, 0xaf, 0x4b, 0xc1, 0xf3, 0x6f, 0x09,
0x85, 0x46, 0x50, 0xb6, 0xd0, 0x55, 0x40, 0xe2
};
构建目标
使用新创建的凭据构建并刷写目标设备。此部分取决于平台。如需了解详情,请参阅 SoC 文档或受支持的设备。
调试设备
现在,您可以按照配对 Matter 设备中介绍的步骤,在 Google Home platform 上配置 Matter 设备。
使用 chip-tool
调试问题
chip-tool
是一款非常有用的工具,可用于检查您的设备是否发送了正确的证书。如需构建该模块,请执行以下操作:
$ cd examples/chip-tool
$ gn gen out/debug
Done. Made 114 targets from 112 files in 157ms
$ ninja -C out/debug
ninja: Entering directory `out/debug'
$ cd ../..
如需启用其他日志,请务必在每次运行 chip-tool
时传递 --trace_decode 1
标志。此外,最好使用 --paa-trust-store-path
标志传递 PAA 文件的路径。
因此,如需使用 BLE 调试 Thread 设备,您可以运行以下命令:
```
$ examples/chip-tool/out/debug/chip-tool pairing ble-thread 1 \
hex:Thread_credentials \
pairing_code \
discriminator \
--paa-trust-store-path <path to PAA folder> \
--trace_decode 1
```
对于测试设备,<PAIRING CODE>
为 20202021
,<DISCRIMINATOR>
为 3840
。
如需从 Google Nest Hub (2nd gen) 获取 Thread 凭据,您可以运行以下命令:
$ adb connect border_router_ip_address
$ adb -e shell ot-ctl dataset active -x
$ adb disconnect
如需委托 Wi-Fi 设备,您可以使用 ble-wifi
选项:
$ examples/chip-tool/out/debug/chip-tool pairing ble-wifi 1 "SSID" SSID_password pairing_code discriminator